TripwireをYumでインストール
TripwireをYumでインストールする場合、EPELリポジトリを追加しておく。
古いTripwireが残ってる場合はアンインストールしておく
[root@server1 ~]# yum remove tripwire
下記コマンドで検索して出てきたものは全て削除しておく（ディレクトリー「rm -rf」、ファイル「rm -f」）
[root@server1 ~]# find /* | grep tripwire
■Tripwireのインストール
[root@server1 ~]# yum install tripwire
読み込んだプラグイン:fastestmirror, langpacks, priorities
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.vodien.com
* centosplus: mirror.vodien.com
* epel: mirrors.vinahost.vn
* extras: mirror.vodien.com
* rpmforge: ftp.neowiz.com
* updates: mirror.vodien.com
77 packages excluded due to repository priority protections
依存性の解決をしています
--> トランザクションの確認を実行しています。
---> パッケージ tripwire.x86_64 0:2.4.2.2-6.el7 を インストール
--> 依存性解決を終了しました。
依存性を解決しました
====================================================================================================
Package アーキテクチャー バージョン リポジトリー 容量
====================================================================================================
インストール中:
tripwire x86_64 2.4.2.2-6.el7 epel 1.0 M
トランザクションの要約
====================================================================================================
インストール 1 パッケージ
総ダウンロード容量: 1.0 M
インストール容量: 4.1 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
tripwire-2.4.2.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.0 MB 00:00:01
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
インストール中 : tripwire-2.4.2.2-6.el7.x86_64 1/1
検証中 : tripwire-2.4.2.2-6.el7.x86_64 1/1
インストール:
tripwire.x86_64 0:2.4.2.2-6.el7
完了しました!
■tripwireの初期設定
[root@server1 ~]# tripwire-setup-keyfiles
----------------------------------------------
The Tripwire site and local passphrases are used to sign a variety of
files, such as the configuration, policy, and database files.
Passphrases should be at least 8 characters in length and contain both
letters and numbers.
See the Tripwire manual for more information.
----------------------------------------------
Creating key files...
(When selecting a passphrase, keep in mind that good passphrases typically
have upper and lower case letters, digits and punctuation marks, and are
at least 8 characters in length.)
Enter the site keyfile passphrase: ← サイトパスフレーズを設定
Verify the site keyfile passphrase: ← サイトパスフレーズを再度入力
Generating key (this may take several minutes)...Key generation complete.
(When selecting a passphrase, keep in mind that good passphrases typically
have upper and lower case letters, digits and punctuation marks, and are
at least 8 characters in length.)
Enter the local keyfile passphrase: ← ローカルパスフレーズを設定
Verify the local keyfile passphrase: ← ローカルパスフレーズを再度入力
Generating key (this may take several minutes)...Key generation complete.
----------------------------------------------
Signing configuration file...
Please enter your site passphrase: ← サイトパスフレーズを入力
Wrote configuration file: /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg
A clear-text version of the Tripwire configuration file:
/etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt
has been preserved for your inspection. It is recommended that you
move this file to a secure location and/or encrypt it in place (using a
tool such as GPG, for example) after you have examined it.
----------------------------------------------
Signing policy file...
Please enter your site passphrase: ← サイトパスフレーズを入力
Wrote policy file: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol
A clear-text version of the Tripwire policy file:
/etc/tripwire/twpol.txt
has been preserved for your inspection. This implements a minimal
policy, intended only to test essential Tripwire functionality. You
should edit the policy file to describe your system, and then use
twadmin to generate a new signed copy of the Tripwire policy.
Once you have a satisfactory Tripwire policy file, you should move the
clear-text version to a secure location and/or encrypt it in place
(using a tool such as GPG, for example).
Now run "tripwire --init" to enter Database Initialization Mode. This
reads the policy file, generates a database based on its contents, and
then cryptographically signs the resulting database. Options can be
entered on the command line to specify which policy, configuration, and
key files are used to create the database. The filename for the
database can be specified as well. If no options are specified, the
default values from the current configuration file are used.
■Tripwireの設定
[root@server1 ~]# vi /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt
ROOT =/usr/sbin
POLFILE =/etc/tripwire/tw.pol
DBFILE =/var/lib/tripwire/$(HOSTNAME).twd
REPORTFILE =/var/lib/tripwire/report/$(HOSTNAME)-$(DATE).twr
SITEKEYFILE =/etc/tripwire/site.key
LOCALKEYFILE =/etc/tripwire/$(HOSTNAME)-local.key
EDITOR =/bin/vi
LATEPROMPTING =false
LOOSEDIRECTORYCHECKING =false
↓
LOOSEDIRECTORYCHECKING =true
MAILNOVIOLATIONS =true
EMAILREPORTLEVEL =3
REPORTLEVEL =3
↓
REPORTLEVEL =4
MAILMETHOD =SENDMAIL
SYSLOGREPORTING =false
MAILPROGRAM =/usr/sbin/sendmail -oi -t
設定ファイル(テキスト版⇒暗号署名版)を作成
[root@server1 ~]# twadmin -m F -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg -S /etc/tripwire/site.key /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt
Please enter your site passphrase:
Wrote configuration file: /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg
セキュリティ確保のため設定ファイル(テキスト版)を削除
[root@server1 ~]# rm -f /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt
設定ファイル(テキスト版)を復活させる場合は以下のコマンドで復活できる
[root@server1 ~]# twadmin --print-cfgfile > /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt
■ポリシーファイルの設定
ポリシーファイルの最適化スクリプトを作成
[root@server1 ~]# vi /etc/tripwire/twpolmake.pl
#!/usr/bin/perl
# Tripwire Policy File customize tool
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Copyright (C) 2003 Hiroaki Izumi
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
# as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
# of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Usage:
# perl twpolmake.pl {Pol file}
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
$POLFILE=$ARGV[0];
open(POL,"$POLFILE") or die "open error: $POLFILE" ;
my($myhost,$thost) ;
my($sharp,$tpath,$cond) ;
my($INRULE) = 0 ;
while (<POL>) {
chomp;
if (($thost) = /^HOSTNAME\s*=\s*(.*)\s*;/) {
$myhost = `hostname` ; chomp($myhost) ;
if ($thost ne $myhost) {
$_="HOSTNAME=\"$myhost\";" ;
}
}
elsif ( /^{/ ) {
$INRULE=1 ;
}
elsif ( /^}/ ) {
$INRULE=0 ;
}
elsif ($INRULE == 1 and ($sharp,$tpath,$cond) = /^(\s*\#?\s*)(\/\S+)\b(\s+->\s+.+)$/) {
$ret = ($sharp =~ s/\#//g) ;
if ($tpath eq '/sbin/e2fsadm' ) {
$cond =~ s/;\s+(tune2fs.*)$/; \#$1/ ;
}
if (! -s $tpath) {
$_ = "$sharp#$tpath$cond" if ($ret == 0) ;
}
else {
$_ = "$sharp$tpath$cond" ;
}
}
print "$_\n" ;
}
close(POL) ;
ポリシーファイルの最適化
[root@server1 ~]# perl /etc/tripwire/twpolmake.pl /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt > /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt.new
ポリシーファイル(暗号署名版)を作成
[root@server1 ~]# twadmin -m P -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg -p /etc/tripwire/tw.pol -S /etc/tripwire/site.key /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt.new
Please enter your site passphrase: ← サイトパスフレーズを入力
Wrote policy file: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol
ポリシーファイル(テキスト版)を削除
[root@server1 ~]# rm -f /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt*
ポリシーファイル(テキスト版)を復活させる場合は以下のコマンドで復活できる
[root@server1 ~]# twadmin -m p -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg -p /etc/tripwire/tw.pol -S /etc/tripwire/site.key > /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt
■Tripwireのデータベース作成
ポリシーファイルよりデータベースを作成
[root@server1 ~]# tripwire -m i -s -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg
Please enter your local passphrase: ← ローカルパスフレーズを入力
下は/root/backup.tar.bz2のファイルサイズが2Gを超えてしまったため、tripwireがエラーを出してデータベース作成が失敗した時のもの。このような時は、/root/backup.tar.bz2をチェック対象外にすることでエラー回避出来る。
### Error: File seek failed.
### Filename: /root/backup.tar.bz2
### \xe3\x81\x9d\xe3\x81\xae\xe3\x82\x88\xe3\x81\x86\xe3\x81\xaa\xe3\x83\x95\xe3\x82\xa1\xe3\x82\xa4\xe3\x83\xab\xe3\x82\x84\xe3\x83\x87\xe3\x82\xa3\xe3\x83\xac\xe3\x82\xaf\xe3\x83\x88\xe3\x83\xaa\xe3\x81\xaf\xe3\x81\x82\xe3\x82\x8a\xe3\x81\xbe\xe3\x81\x9b\xe3\x82\x93
### Exiting...
ポリシーファイル(テキスト版)を復活
[root@server1 ~]# twadmin -m p -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg -p /etc/tripwire/tw.pol -S /etc/tripwire/site.key > /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt
ポリシーファイル(テキスト版)の編集
[root@server1 ~]# vi /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt
rulename = "Invariant Directories",
severity = $(SIG_MED)
)
{
/ -> $(SEC_INVARIANT) (recurse = 0) ;
/home -> $(SEC_INVARIANT) (recurse = 0) ;
/etc -> $(SEC_INVARIANT) (recurse = 0) ;
!/root/backup.tar.bz2; ← 対象外ファイルを追加
}
ポリシーファイル(暗号署名版)を作成
[root@server1 ~]# twadmin -m P -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg -p /etc/tripwire/tw.pol -S /etc/tripwire/site.key /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt
Please enter your site passphrase: ← サイトパスフレーズを入力
Wrote policy file: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol
ポリシーファイル(テキスト版)を削除
[root@server1 ~]# rm -f /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt
ポリシーファイルよりデータベースを作成
[root@server1 ~]# tripwire -m i -s -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg
Please enter your local passphrase: ← ローカルパスフレーズを入力
※データベースを作成するには結構時間がかかる
■Tripwireの確認
[root@server1 ~]# tripwire -m c -s -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg
Open Source Tripwire(R) 2.4.2.2 Integrity Check Report
Report generated by: root
Report created on: 2014年12月06日 23時08分26秒
Database last updated on: Never
===============================================================================
Report Summary:
===============================================================================
Host name: server1.yokensaka.com
Host IP address: 114.186.88.44
Host ID: None
Policy file used: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol
Configuration file used: /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg
Database file used: /var/lib/tripwire/server1.yokensaka.com.twd
Command line used: tripwire -m c -s -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg
===============================================================================
Rule Summary:
===============================================================================
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section: Unix File System
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule Name Severity Level Added Removed Modified
--------- -------------- ----- ------- --------
User binaries 66 0 0 0
Tripwire Binaries 100 0 0 0
Libraries 66 0 0 0
Operating System Utilities 100 0 0 0
File System and Disk Administraton Programs
100 0 0 0
Kernel Administration Programs 100 0 0 0
Networking Programs 100 0 0 0
System Administration Programs 100 0 0 0
Hardware and Device Control Programs
100 0 0 0
System Information Programs 100 0 0 0
Application Information Programs
100 0 0 0
(/sbin/rtmon)
Critical Utility Sym-Links 100 0 0 0
Shell Binaries 100 0 0 0
Critical system boot files 100 0 0 0
* Tripwire Data Files 100 1 0 0
System boot changes 100 0 0 0
OS executables and libraries 100 0 0 0
Critical configuration files 100 0 0 0
Security Control 100 0 0 0
Login Scripts 100 0 0 0
Root config files 100 0 0 0
Invariant Directories 66 0 0 0
Temporary directories 33 0 0 0
Critical devices 100 0 0 0
(/proc/kcore)
Total objects scanned: 52987
Total violations found: 1
===============================================================================
Object Summary:
===============================================================================
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Section: Unix File System
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule Name: Tripwire Data Files (/var/lib/tripwire)
Severity Level: 100
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Added:
"/var/lib/tripwire/server1.yokensaka.com.twd" ← 今回追加されたTripwireのデータベースなので問題無し
===============================================================================
Error Report:
===============================================================================
No Errors
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** End of report ***
Open Source Tripwire 2.4 Portions copyright 2000 Tripwire, Inc. Tripwire is a registered
trademark of Tripwire, Inc. This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY;
for details use --version. This is free software which may be redistributed
or modified only under certain conditions; see COPYING for details.
All rights reserved.
■Tripwireの定期自動実行設定
インストール時に作成されてたTripwireの定期実行ファイルを編集
[root@server1 ~]# vi /etc/cron.daily/tripwire-check
#!/bin/sh
# デフォルトの部分をコメントアウト
#HOST_NAME=`uname -n`
#if [ ! -e /var/lib/tripwire/${HOST_NAME}.twd ] ; then
# echo "**** Error: Tripwire database for ${HOST_NAME} not found. ****"
# echo "**** Run "/etc/tripwire/twinstall.sh" and/or "tripwire --init". ****"
#else
# test -f /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg && /usr/sbin/tripwire --check
#fi
# パスフレーズ設定
LOCALPASS=xxxxxxxx # ローカルパスフレーズ
SITEPASS=xxxxxxxx # サイトパスフレーズ
cd /etc/tripwire
# Tripwireチェック実行
tripwire -m c -s -c tw.cfg|mail -s "Tripwire(R) Integrity Check Report in `hostname`" root
# ポリシーファイル最新化
twadmin -m p -c tw.cfg -p tw.pol -S site.key > twpol.txt
perl twpolmake.pl twpol.txt > twpol.txt.new
twadmin -m P -c tw.cfg -p tw.pol -S site.key -Q $SITEPASS twpol.txt.new > /dev/null
rm -f twpol.txt* *.bak
# データベース更新
rm -f /usr/local/tripwire/lib/tripwire/*.twd*
tripwire -m i -s -c tw.cfg -P $LOCALPASS
パーミッション変更
[root@server1 ~]# chmod 700 /etc/cron.daily/tripwire-check